What are salient features of Road Development Plan Vision : 2021.

What is role of Indian Road Congress in the development of road network in India?

What is the purpose of the master plan? Explain it’s necessity in the development of road network for a region.

Explain in brief significance of “BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA’’ in the regional development of India.

An imaginary area with existing roads. There are four alternate plan proposals E,F, G, &H with different road lengths by adding extra road links to the existing roads in the area. The details of population and products are given below : Proposal Total Number of towns and villages served with population range Industrial road length (km) 1001-2000 2001- 5000 5001- 10000 >10000 and agricultural product served E 500 150 40 20 3 170 F 600 250 68 28 3 245 G 700 350 82 36 4 335 H 800 410 91 41 4 442 Workout the utility per unit length for each of the system and indicate which of the plan yield the maximum utility based on saturation system. Assume utility units of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 for population range (1001-2000), (2001-5000), (5001-10000) and (> 10000) respectively.

What is road pattern? Explain it’s evolution with respect to development in technology. Draw neat sketches of it with labelling.

What is Origin and Destination Study? List out applications of it.

What is speed -flow-density relation? Explain it with the help of suitable sketch.

What is PCU? Which are the factors affecting PCU values?

What is traffic signal system? Explain it in brief.

Estimate the theoretical capacity of a traffic lane with one-way traffic flow at a stream speed of 50 kmph and assume average length of vehicles = 5.0m.

Write short notes on - i) Road markings ii) Intersections at Grade

Explain in brief the salient features of First 20 year road development plan.

For economical road alignment shortest length is usually the best. What circumstances justify a deviation far from this principle.

Four new road links A, B, C and D are to be constructed during a five year plan period. Suggest the order of priority for phasing the road construction program based on maximum utility approach. Assume utility units of 0.25, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 for the population ranges and 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0 units per thousand tonnes of Agricultural, raw material and industrial products from the following data:

Discuss in brief the various stages of engineering surveys for highway alignment.

Explain obligatory points. With sketches, discuss how these control the alignment.

Determine the lengths of different categories of roads in a state in India by the year 2001, using the Lucknow road development plan formula. Total area of the state = 86000 sq. km Total No. of towns as per 1981 census = 90

Explain in brief the importance and uses of Origin and Destination study.

What is PCU? What are the factors on which PCU values depends?

Define Highway capacity. Explain the terms basic capacity, possible capacity.

Discuss in brief advantages and disadvantages of traffic signals

What is understood by the following terms: i) 85th percentile speed ii) A.A.D.T. iii) Space Mean Speed iv) Parking Demand v) Grade separated Interchange

A vehicle moving at 40 kmph speed was stopped by applying the brake and the length of skid mark was 12.2m. If the average skid resistance of the pavement is known to be 0.70, determine the brake efficiency of the vehicle.

Enlist the various surveys to be carried out before planning a highway system. Explain any one in brief.

Discuss briefly the various road patterns Draw a neat sketch to justify your answer.

Enumerate the salient features of third Road Development plan.

With the help of a neat sketch explain the Macadam method of road construction.

Explain how the master plan is prepared and the road development programme is phased.

The area of one of the district of Maharastra is 10,000 sq. km. And there are 10 towns as per 1981 census. Determine the lengths of various categories of roads to be provided in this district by the method suggested during the 3rd Twenty year development plan period. you may assume any additional data suitable if required.

What are the objective of carrying out spot speed studies?

Write short notes on- i) Traffic Islands. ii) Rotary intersections

What are the various vehicular characteristic affect the road design.

What is understood by the following terms: i) 85th percentile speed. ii) A.A.D.T. iii) Space mean speed iv) Parking Demand v) Grade separated interchange.

What are the objectives of carrying accident studies? How are the results of this study used?

Estimate the theoretical capacity of a traffic lane with one way traffic flow at a stream speed of 50 km/hr and assume average length of vehicles=5.1m.

Briefly explain the Jayakar committee and its recommendations.

Explain the classification of roads as per Nagpur road plan.

Enumerate salient features of road development plan vision 2021.

Explain briefly the requirements of an ideal highway alignment.

An imaginary area with existing roads. There are four alternate plan proposals P, Q, R and S with different road length by adding extra road links to the existing roads in the area and the details of the population and products served are given below: Proposal Total Road length km Number of towns and villages served with population range 1001-2000 2001-5000 5001-10000 >10000 Total agricultural and industrial products thousand tonnes P 300 160 80 30 6 200 Q 400 200 90 60 8 270 R 500 240 110 70 10 315 S 550 248 112 73 12 335 Workout the utility per unit length for each of the systems and indicate which of the plan yield the maximum utility based on saturation system.

Discuss briefly the various road patterns with neat sketches.

Discuss the various vehicular characteristics which affect the design of roads.

What are the objectives of carrying out traffic volume study?

Discuss the various causes of accident and mention the measures to reduce accident rate.

With neat sketches, explain any five traffic regulatory signs.

Estimate the theoretical capacity of a traffic lane with one way traffic flow at a stream speed of 40 kmph and assume average length of vehicles = 5 m.

Write short notes on : i) Parking studies ii) Highway lighting

A car travelling at 22.22 m/sec is overtaking another car moving at 60 kmph on a two lane undivided highway. Assuming an acceleration of the overtaking car as 0.7 m/ sec2; Calculate i) minimum overtaking sight distance; and ii) minimum and desirable length of overtaking zones

State the various objects of providing extra widening on horizontal curves.

Distinguish between carriageway width and formation width.

Calculate the length of transition curve required for a two lane carriageway of 7.0 m width on horizontal curve, if the design speed is 65 kmph and the road is passing through rolling terrain. The radius of horizontal curve is 200 m. Take extra widening of 0.66 m

Define gradient. State the various types of gradients. Also state the values of gradient recommended by IRC for plain and rolling terrain.

State the methods of elimination of crown while providing the superelevation in the field?

Mention the step by step procedure of 'Ductility test on bitumen'

Define Flakiness Index (FI). How FI is determined in the laboratory.

List the different types of cutback bitumen. When are these used

For a construction of a bituminous road in a certain locality, contractor has received 60/70 grade of bitumen from refinery? Explain in brief the test to be carried out to confirm the adhesion property of bitumen.

Define Elongation Index (EI). How EI is determined in the laboratory.

What are the different methods of classifying / grading the bitumen? Explain in brief.

Using the following data calculate the wheel load stress at the interior region of a cement concrete pavement using H.M. Westergaard's equation: Wheel load = 5100 kg, Modulus of Elasticity of concrete = 3 × 105 kg/cm2, Pavement thickness = 15 cm, Poisson's ratio = 0.15, Modulus of subgrade reaction = 7.0 kg / cm3, Radius of wheel load contact = 16 cm.

Draw a neat labelled sketch of cross section of flexible pavement and rigid pavement.

Write a note on temperature stresses in concrete pavement.

A two lane two way road is carrying an initial traffic of 1200 Commercial Vehicles per day (CVPD) is to be strengthened to cater the need of growing traffic. The VDF has been found to be 2.0. The rate of growth of traffic is 7.5% per annum. The pavement is to be designed for 15 years. Calculate the cumulative standard axles to be used in design. It is suggested to use the factor of 1.0 to account for lateral placement of wheel loads.

Mention the step wise procedure of design of flexible pavement as per IRC guidelines.

Explain in brief PQC and DLC.

A bridge has linear waterway of 160 meters constructed across a stream whose natural linear waterway is 230 meters. If the average flood discharge is 1250 m3 per seconds and average flood depth is 3.5 meters, calculate afflux under the bridge.

Derive an expression for economical span of the bridge.

State the various requirements of an ideal permanent way.

Name the different types of loading while designing a brief. Explain in brief.

State the various ideal bridge site characteristics.

Define gauge. State and explain various gauges adopted by Indian railways.

Explain any two important pavement surface characteristics with respect to highway geometric design.

Distinguish clearly between Camber and Super elevation. How super elevation is provided in the field.

Calculate the absolute minimum and ruling minimum radius of horizontal curve for a design speed of 80 kmph.

State and explain the factors governing the stopping sight distance.

Calculate safe stopping sight distance for a design speed of 100 kmph. Assume any other data suitability.

What are the various vehicular characteristics which affects the road design? Briefly explain.

What are the desirable properties of the sub grade soil?

Explain the CBR and the test procedure for laboratory and field tests. How are the results of the test obtained and interpreted?

Explain how Impact Test on aggregates is done in the laboratory. How are the results of the test interpreted?

What is Foamed Bitumen? How foamed bitumen is prepared and where it is used.

Explain the Flash and Fire Point Test.

Discuss the desirable properties of bitumen. Compare tar and bitumen.

Draw a neat cross section of flexible pavement. Explain in brief functions of various layers of flexible pavement.

Explain different stresses in flexible pavements.

Compute the radius of relative stiffness of 15cm thick cement concrete slab from the following data: Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 210000 kg/cm2, Poisson’s ratio for concrete = 0.13, Modulus of subgrade reaction, K = i) 3.0 kg/cm3 ii) 7.5 kg/cm3

Explain with sketch equivalent single wheel load ESWL.

Calculate the stresses at interior and corner regions of cement concrete pavement using Westergaard’s stress equations. Use the following data: Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 300000 kg/cm2, Wheel load = 5100 kg, Pavement thickness = 18 cm, Poisson’s ratio for concrete = 0.15, Modulus of subgrade reaction = 6.0 kg/cm3, Radius of contact area 15 cm

Explain the importance of dowel and tie bars in rigid pavements.

Define Pier. Draw a neat sketch of the Hammer head shape pier and Multiple bent Pier.

A bridge is proposed to be constructed across an alluvium stream carrying a discharge of 300 m3/s. Assume silt factor, f = 1.10, determine the maximum scour depth when the bridge consists of 5 spans of 20 m each.

Define Rail Guage and explain its types.

Define Abutment. State the various types of abutments. Also State the requirements of good Abutments.

A bridge has a linear waterway of 110m constructed across a stream, whose natural waterway is 190 m. If the flood flow is 950 Cumecs and the mean depth of flow is 2.75m, Calculate the Afflux under the bridge.

Explain the function of ballast.

The horizontal curve of radius 180 m is having design speed of 60 kmph. The design coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15. i) Calculate required super elevation if full lateral friction is assumed to develop. ii) Calculate required coefficient of friction if super elevation is not provided.

Draw a neat cross section of MDR in cutting in rural area.

Define Camber, Shoulder, Kerb, Right of way, Width of formation, and Sight Distance.

The speeds of overtaking and overtaken vehicles are 80 kmph and 50 kmph respectively on a two way traffic road. The average acceleration during overtaking can be assumed as 0.99 m/s2. i) Calculate safe overtaking sight distance. ii) What is minimum length of overtaking zone?

What is effect of gradient on overtaking sight distance?

What is overturning effects? Explain with a neat sketch.

Explain role of bituminous binder in construction of highway.

Define Elongation Index (EI). How EI is determined in the laboratory.

Explain significance of Marshall method of bituminous mix design.

Explain in brief types of tests to be carried out to select the suitable grade of bitumen.

What is Angularity number? Give its significance in highway construction.

What is significance of aggregate gradation in design of non bituminous layer of flexible pavement?

Explain basic concepts in analysis of various stresses in Rigid Pavements.

Differentiate temperature stresses and wheel load stresses.

What is dowel bar in rigid pavement? Explain its role with respect to functioning stresses.

Classify different types of joints in rigid pavements and mention objectives of each.

What are the factors causing warping stresses in cement concrete pavements? Explain.

Differentiate rigid pavement and flexible pavement with a neat sketch.

Discuss various factors that engineer will consider in site selection for a bridge on a major river?

Define Abutment. State the various types of abutments.

What are the requirements of an ideal permanent way?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of temporary bridges?

Differentiate between skew bridge and submersible bridge.

What are the types of R.C.C bridges? Draw sketch of any one with neat labeling.

Explain with neat sketch of cross section of road pavement in embankment showing different elements and write their functions.

What is purpose of providing camber? Explain with sketches different shapes of cross slopes of road pavement?

Calculate minimum sight distance required to aviod head-on collision of two cars approaching from opposite direction at 100 and 80 kmph. Assume a reaction time of 2.5 seconds, coefficient of friction of 0.7 and a break efficiency of 50 percent, in either case.

Explain PIEV theory of stopping sight distance.

What is ruling gradient, what are the limiting values of IRC recommendations of ruling gradient? When limiting gradient is used?

Desing speed of a highway is 100 kmph. There is a horizontal curve of radius 300 m on a certain locality. Calculate superelevation needed to maintain this speed. If maximum superelevation of 0.07 is not to be exceeded, calculate the maximum allowable speed on this curve as it is not possible to increase the radius. Safe limit of transverse coefficient of friction is 0.15.

Enlist desirable properties of road aggregate and explain any one in details.

Explain the terms Cutback, Emulsions, flash and fire point.

Enlist different tests on bitumen and explain any one in details.

Explain how Impact Test on aggregates is done in the laboratory. How are the results of the test interpreted?

Explain the requirement of bitumen mixes.

State and explain desirable properties of the sub grade soil?

State comparison between rigid pavement and flexible pavement.

Why joints are necessary in concrete pavements? State the various types of joints. Explain any one in brief.

Explain in brief the CBR test and its importance in design of Flexible pavement.

Write short note on surface drainage system of highway.

Describe briefly the various factors influences the pavement design.

State the Westergaards stress equations for wheel loads at all the three regions of cement concrete pavement with meanings of notations used.

What is permanent way? Describe components permanent way with neat sketch.

Find out maximum scour depth for a straight stream flow condition for a bridge sight if design discharge is 600 m3 per second and mean diameter of soil bed particle is 0.6 mm. (Use constant for maximum scour depth R = 1.27).

What is role and necessity of railway in development of country?

Draw a neat labeled sketch showing all the components of bridges and state purpose of each component.

A bridge has linear waterway of 100 m constructed across a river whose natural waterway is 120 m. Calculate a height of afflux under the bridge if discharge during flood is 1200 m3 per second and average floor depth is 3 m. Use Molesworth’s formula.

What are different types of gauges? Explain their suitability.

What do you mean by formation width and carriageway width. Draw the typical cross section of road in hilly area.

Explain in brief how the superelevation is provided in the field.

A vertical summit curve is formed at the intersection of two gradients + 3% and – 5%. Design the length of the summit curve to provide a stopping sight distance for a design speed of 80 kmph. Assume any other data suitably.

Explain any two important pavement surface characteristics with respect to highway geometric design.

Design the rate of superelevation for a horizontal highway curve of radius 500m and speed 100 kmph.

What are the various vehicular characteristics which affects the road design? Briefly explain.

What are the desirable properties of the sub grade soil?

Explain cutbacks and its types. What are its advantages over conventional bitumen?

Explain how Impact Test on aggregates is done in the laboratory. How are the results of the test interpreted?

What is Foamed Bitumen? How foamed bitumen is prepared and where it is used.

Define ‘flaky’ aggregates. Explain the procedure for finding flakiness index in the laboratory.

Write a note on Crumbed Rubber Modified Bitumen.

Draw a neat cross section of flexible pavement. Explain in brief functions of various layers of flexible pavement.

Explain maximum wheel load and contact pressure.

Compute the radius of relative stiffness of 15cm thick cement concrete slab from the following data : Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 210000 kg/cm2 Poisson’s ratio for concrete = 0.13 Modulus of subgrade reaction, K = i) 3.0 kg/cm3 ii) 7.5 kg/cm3

Explain with sketch equivalent single wheel load ESWL.

Calculate the stresses at interior regions of cement concrete pavement using Westergaard’s stress equations. Use the following data : Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 300000 kg/cm2 Wheel load = 5100 kg Pavement thickness = 18 cm Poisson’s ratio for concrete = 0.15 Modulus of subgrade reaction = 6.0 kg/cm3 Radius of contact area = 15 cm

Explain the importance of dowel and tie bars in rigid pavements.

Explain afflux. List and explain the different formulae used for estimation of afflux.

A bridge is proposed to be constructed across an alluvial stream carrying a discharge of 200 m3/sec. Assume Lacey’s slit factor equal to 1.0. Find the maximum depth of scour when the bridge consists of 2 spans of 40 m each.

Explain the function of ballast.

Explain the following with a neat sketch : i) Box Culvert. ii) Swing bridge. iii) Suspension bridge.

A bridge has a linear waterway of 110m constructed across a stream, whose natural waterway is 190m. If the flood flow is 950 Cumecs and the mean depth of flow is 2.75m, Calculate the Afflux under the bridge.

Define Rail Guage and explain its types.

The design speed of a highway is 90 kmph. There is horizontal curve of radius 200 m on a certain section. Allowable limit of lateral coefficient of friction is 0.15. i) Calculate the superelevation required to maintain this speed. ii) If the maximum allowable superelevation is 7.0 percent, calculate the allowable speed on this horizontal curve.

Draw a neat cross section of VR in embankment and MDR in cutting in rural area:

Define Camber?

The ascending gradient of 2 per cent meets a descending gradient of 1 in 80. Determine the length of summit curve to provide i) SSD and ii) OSD of 470 m, for design speed of 80 kmph. Assume all other data as per IRC guidelines.

Calculate the stopping sight distance on a highway at an ascending gradient of Two percent for a design speed of 60 kmph. Assume other data as per IRC recommendations?

List the various types of transition curves used on horizontal curves of highways.

What are the different types of bituminous binders used in highway construction? Under what circumstances each of these materials is preferred?

Define Flakiness Index (FI). How FI is determined in the laboratory.

Write a note on Marshall method of bituminous mix design.

For a construction of a bituminous road in a certain locality, contractor has received 30/40 grade of bitumen from refinery. Explain in brief the test to be carried out to confirm the grade of the bitumen.

Define Elongation Index (EI). How EI is determined in the laboratory.

Explain in brief the importance of gradation of aggregates in design of bituminous and Non bituminous layer of flexible pavement.

Using the following data calculate the wheel load stress at the edge region of a cement concrete pavement using H.M. Westergaards’s equation: Wheel load = 5100 kg, Modulus of Elasticity of concrete = 3×105 kg/cm2, Pavement thickness = 15 cm, Poisson’s ratio = 0.15, Modulus of subgrade reaction = 7.0 kg/cm3, Radius of wheel load contact = 16 cm.

Differentiate between warping stress and frictional stress in rigid pavement.

Write a note on joints in cement concrete pavement.

A two lane two way road is carrying an initial traffic of 1600 Commercial Vehicles per day (CVPD) is to be strengthened to cater the need of growing traffic. The rate of growth of traffic is 8% per annum. The pavement is to be designed for 20 years. Calculate the VDF if pavement has to sustain cumulative standard axle load repetitions of 33.40 million during its design life. It is suggested to use the factor of 0.5 to account for lateral placement of wheel loads.

What do you mean by pavement design? State the any five factors to be considered for the design of rigid pavement (explanation of factors is not required)

Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavements.

A bridge is proposed to be constructed across an alluvial stream carrying a discharge of 400 m3 per second. Assume Lacey’s silt factor equal to 1.5. Calculate the scour depth when i) Bridge consists of Two spans of 40 m each ii) Three spans of 35 m each.

Define bridge. State the various components of bridge.

State the various requirements of an ideal permanent way.

Define the following terms: i) Submersible bridge ii) Skew bridge iii) Class B bridge iv) Through bridge

State the merits and demerits of railway transportation.

State the various ideal bridge site characteristics.